Zika virus uses cells self-care system to turn against host

A new study reveals the biological secret to the Zika virus’s infectious success: Zika uses host cells’ own “self-care” system of clearing away useless molecules to suppress the host proteins that the virus has employed to get into those cells in the first place. 

While these cell surface proteins are valuable for viral entry, they also have roles in producing an antiviral response. Before that can happen, the virus manipulates a process cells use to keep themselves healthy to lower the proteins’ activity, clearing the way for unfettered viral infection. 

Though other viruses, such as HIV, are known to silence host receptors that let them into cells, Zika is unusual for having at least three of its own proteins that can get the job done, said Shan-Lu Liu, senior author the study and a virology professor in the Department of Veterinary Biosciences at The Ohio State University. 

“That’s the most interesting part: It’s amazing that not only one, but several Zika proteins can do this,” said Liu, also a professor in the Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity. “We looked at two Zika virus strains and examined three physiologically relevant cell types. With both strains, we could see the downregulation in all three cell types. It looks like this is an important mechanism.” 

The study was published May 23 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Read more.