Biomedical Informatics Shared Resources (BISR) Policies

• Expectations of Bioinformatics Collaboration and Support

  Collaboration with a bioinformatician typically provides high-quality, reliable results that stand up to critical peer review. We identify and address issues that are not always obvious to investigators. Our goal is not only to ensure statistical rigor and appropriateness but also to make sure that the results easily understood by the investigator.

  Prior to the start of the project

  It is critical to involve our bioinformatician at the very beginning of your project. Issues relating to sample size and power, design efficiencies, nuisance variables, randomization, blinding, intervention strategies, time lines, data collection and management should be addressed in the planning stage.

  Initial visit

  During this initial meeting the background and scope of the project are queried. It is also very important that the type and level of bioinformatics support be established: through a paid grant, an internal contract (MOU) or external contract, or direct hourly billing. Usually, there is not enough time during this initial meeting to work out all of the project details, but enough information should be presented so that a reasonable level of support can be estimated and the appropriate team of bioinformaticians can be identified.

  Please contact us if you are interested in setting up an initial meeting, 614-688-9721 or bisr@osumc.edu.

  Expectations and responsibilities of the investigator

  Often, investigators will have very clear ideas about the analysis of their project. However, we ask that all investigators coming for bioinformatics support be willing to listen to alternatives. We may suggest more appropriate statistical designs to address the stated hypotheses. Collaboration is at its highest when there is good communication between the bioinformatician and the investigator. The bioinformatician needs an accurate description of the project and how the data was generated, addressing such problems as data management and collection, missing values, protocol deviations and endpoint definitions. For more details about our authorship policy, please see the “Manuscript and Abstract Preparation Policy” section below.

  Any manuscripts or reports generated from this project should acknowledge the participation of the bioinformatician as a co-author if they have made a significant contribution to the project. However, the biostatistician should not be associated with the research without their consent.

  Role of the bioinformatician after the data are collected

  Although it is preferable to have our bioinformaticians involved in projects from the beginning, many times the investigator will contact the biostatistician after the data have been collected. In these cases, we will suggest bioinformatic methods based on how the project was designed and how the data were collected. Often, a more appropriate method of analysis will be recommended if the investigator has already run preliminary analyses. Our bioinformaticians can also recommend methods that will be able to extract useful information from problematic data. We also analyze data to provide information on future efficient and less biased designs.

• General Business Practices

  The Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource is self-sustaining. Researchers, investigators and clients are provided bioinformatics support when we are supported through grants as FTE collaborators, written into departmental contracts (MOUs), written into external contracts, or billed directly for hourly projects.

  Grant Support: The majority of our funding comes from collaborative work on NIH grants. We have extensive experience in preparing P01s, R01s, and R21s.

  Department Contracts (MOUs): Over the past few years, we have substantially increased our contracts with other departments (MOUs), promoting long-term collaborative relationships between center biostatisticians and investigators. MOUs increase efficiency through familiarity with special issues within a discipline, resulting in more responsive and comprehensive service to collaborators. Departments can provide salary support for a team of biostatisticians, and adjustments are made annually for increases or decreases in effort.

  Hourly Projects: For small projects, hourly billing is available with the rate dependent on the level of statistical expertise required. Please contact us for current rate information.

  External Contracts: Support is provided for external institutions or industry on a case-by-case contractual basis.

• Grant Preparation Policy

  Bioinformatics Support

  Through collaboration with the Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource in the development of grants and protocols, investigators quickly learn to value the expertise provided by our bioinformaticians. In general, the likelihood of funding is improved when a bioinformatician has participated in the development of the proposal from the beginning. We do not allow a bioinformatician’s name to be placed on a grant unless they have been involved in its development or reviewed the grant application.

  Grant Support Provided

  Collaborating with the project investigators in the formulation of hypotheses and the design of experiments and clinical trials;
  Providing assistance in developing and implementing data collection tools and data management systems to allow investigators to effectively and efficiently manage and analyze their data;
  Conducting and directing the bioinformatics analysis of data generated by the project investigators including both descriptive summary statistics and inferential methods;
  Coordinating the development of new methodologies, when needed, to directly support research issues that may arise; and
  Providing clear presentations and discussions of results for publication.

  Timing of Grant Support

  Bioinformaticians that are involved from the beginning need sufficient time to develop a strong grant for submission. The amount of time needed depends on the size of the grant and the agreed upon effort of the bioinformatician:

  Small grants typically require at least one month of collaboration prior to submission.
  Large grants such as PPGs require at least three months of intense collaboration before the submission guideline.
  Requests made closer in time to the deadline will be addressed only after work has been completed on grants that were submitted by investigators in a timely manner. Note that the earlier the support request, the more thorough and effective the level of bioinformatics support will be, which in turn will increase the ability for your grant to impress critical reviewers.

  Percent Effort

  Funding should be matched to the size, scope and complexity of the study design, data, and analysis. In general, we recommend 10% or more total effort per bioinformatician per time period on a project. A 5% annual effort on a grant (2 hours/week) is insufficient to provide regular analytic support on a project and should only be used if the needs and expectations for a bioinformatician are minimal (and this arrangement is agreeable to the bioinformatician). We reserve the right to refuse to participate on a project if we feel the funding is insufficient to ensure proper and adequate analysis of the study data.

  For large and/or complex projects (e.g. Program Project Awards or multi-center studies), typical total bioinformatics FTE will be between 50–100%+. This frequently consists of multiple PhD and MS bioinformaticians providing support through a bioinformatics core. For individual R-level awards, typical total bioinformatics FTE will range between 10%-50% for 1-2 bioinformaticians, depending on the complexity and needs of the project.

• Manuscript Preparation Policy

  Timing

  Sufficient time is needed for the bioinformatician to write or review the bioinformatics methods and the results section of a manuscript or abstract. Whether the bioinformatician writes or reviews these sections in a manuscript is determined by the level of collaboration. Thus, communication between the project investigator and the bioinformatician is essential in order to meet specific deadlines. Generally, two weeks are required for the bioinformatician to write their section of the manuscript, however, four weeks may be needed for more complex analyses. Regardless, final versions of manuscripts and abstracts must be reviewed and approved before submission.

  Authorship

  Occasionally there is concern about whether or not the bioinformatician should be a co-author on the manuscript. It is our policy that the bioinformatician (both PhD and MS) should be listed as a co-author if there has been a scientific or an intellectual contribution to the research and not be listed in the acknowledgments. The decision of authorship should not be influenced by payment for bioinformatician time and effort. As stated by Perkins et al. (2016), “Financial considerations must be kept separate from authorship.” If this is going to be an issue with the project investigator, then an agreement with the biostatistician on authorship of any resulting manuscripts should be decided during the initial phases of the project.

  The following recommendations for authorship come from the guidelines published by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE):

  “The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria:

  Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
  Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
  Final approval of the version to be published; AND
  Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.”